Generally speaking...
This process consists of weighing each individual cylinder set a.k.a. the piston,connecting rod,pin and matching the weight as closely as possibly to make them rotate as closely as possible to the same.Weight can be removed in a number of ways from grinding certain areas on those specific parts to changing a specific part such as a pin or rod cap for a lighter/heavier one of the same kind.The balancing aspect of it comes into play with the crank being put on a machine resembling a lathe and being measured for vibration equality and weight distribution.Most racers buy a set from a company that already matches them because the machinery to do this isnt readily available to most d.i.y. guys.This wasnt a very technical explanation but I hoped it helped a lil.
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